Using the Spanish Word Bien

Mummies Curse Essay Sample free essay sample

Legend has it that any individual who set out to open the grave would bear the anger of the mama. Since mas have been related with many beguiling forces from the beginning of time. a portion of the mas found from Egypt were ground into an okay pounding and sold as otherworldly mama pummeling. It’s accepted the pounding had enchanting recuperating forces and it wasn’t until the find of King Tut and the ballyhoo of the media that things would adjust everlastingly. There are a few hypotheses behind the Mas Curse that came to fruition during the find of King Tutankhamen’s Tomb. On the outside of the grave the expressing â€Å"Death Shall Come On Swift Wings to Him Who Disturbs the Peace of the King† was composed to caution off anybody from come ining the grave. After the grave was found seve3ral abnormal and arbitrary occasions began taking topographic point that caused everybody to accept that the exclamation was valid. We will compose a custom paper test on Mummies Curse Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Later on Peoples have thought of there ain hypotheses about this occasion some state it was the mama finishing his exclamation others state it was only irregular occurrences. what's more, different researchers state that the perishes were because of microorganisms that slaughtered the individuals. In one treatment they same that when the grave was found the feline who supported the exhuming Lord Carnarvon passed on from a mosquito chomp he got that had gotten contaminated. Clearly a similar dull that he passed on his Canis familiaris wailed and fell over dead. furthermore, after the noticeable radiations of Cairo obscurely went out. The media got a fasten of the story and simply went for it that the exclamation had worked out and was executing off the individuals who had upset his resting topographic point. Media other than said that Howard Carters. the grown-up male that found the grave. supported fink was executed by a nibble from a cobra. The solitary thing that they could non elucidate is the reason Carter wasn’t slaughtered during this clasp. In this manner in a similar treatment it was said that Lord Carnarvon was slaughtered by bacteriums that was discharged into the air when the grave was opened. Another treatment went into the logical find of smaller scale life forms that were discharged into the air that murdered non just Lord Carnarvon yet close to made the diggers go sick as great and color inside the accompanying five mature ages af ter the exhuming. Fundamentally all the things that occurred after the exhuming that everybody thought was the interjection was truly nil in excess of a twine of interpretable chance occurrences. The logical order in this hypothesis demonstrated that there was no swearword and it is one I concur with. I don’t put stock in swearwords I feel there is a ground for most things that happen the way it was depicted as being spores that executed these individuals bodes well with all the things that were in the grave. It is said that the mas were covered with a wide range of supplement furniture and different things they required so as to do their excursion to the great beyond. These things are after a piece are making a trip to pull a few sorts of creepy crawlies and bacteriums. that and it resembles what you find in more established spots you discover form and distinctive bacteria’s. This goes to demo that a grave that has been puting for quite a long time would hold some kind of bacteriums tur ning in it. There are a clump of individuals out there who are extremely eccentric and have confidence in interjections and things like that. what's more, there are the other kind of individuals who think deductively and state that there is a reasonable record for everything. I accept that despite the fact that it was an extremely surprising connection of occasions that can do individuals to secure disturbed about the swearword being genuine despite the fact that there is a completely decent record to what occurred. Either way it is a decent story and puzzlers like this brand you step back and reverence. Notices Internet. qualtestusa. com/KingTutsCurse. hypertext markup languagehypertext move convention:/www. kingtutone. com/tutankhamun/revile/

Grandiosity in Bipolar Disorder

Grandiosity in Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania and Hypomania Print Grandiosity in Bipolar Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Updated on June 25, 2019 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Cavan Images/Stone/Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Prevalence Causes Symptoms Narcissistic Personality Disorder Treatment View All Grandiosity is a symptom experienced by people with bipolar disorder (BD) during manic and hypomanic  episodes. People experiencing grandiose delusions often describe larger-than-life feelings of superiority and invulnerability. In short, it is an exaggerated sense of ones importance, power, knowledge, or identity, even though there may be little evidence to support the beliefs. Prevalence It is estimated that around two-thirds of people with bipolar I disorder will experience grandiose delusions at some point in their illness.?? About half of the people diagnosed with schizophrenia and a large number of people with substance use disorders will experience grandiosity as a manifestation of their illness.?? Grandiose delusions may also be a facet of personality disorders, most especially narcissistic  personality disorder (NDP). Causes Grandiosity  is one of the seven symptoms of a manic or hypomanic episode in bipolar disorder. Within the context of the disorder, grandiosity is considered a mood-congruent delusion consistent with a manic state. During manic or hypomanic episodes, the chemistry and activity of the brain will begin to change,  causing nerve signals  to speed up and neurotransmitter concentrations to rise, especially dopamine (the so-called pleasure neurotransmitter).?? No one knows exactly why this happens, or why the symptoms are severe in some people but not in others. While grandiosity is a common feature of bipolar mania and hypomania, it doesnt occur in everyone with BD. According to the  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the presence of grandiosity can be used in combination with other manic or hypomanic symptoms to confirm a diagnosis of BD. Symptoms Grande in French means grand. As such, grandiosity refers to an unrealistic sense of superiority in which you consider yourself unique and better than others. It also infers a disdain for those you consider inferior to you, either by way of class, intelligence, beauty, or heritage. As a symptom, grandiosity exists on a spectrum, ranging from inflated self-esteem to sweeping delusions of grandeur. Grandiosity can be difficult to pin down because the people experiencing the symptom, as well as those around them, may not recognize it as anything more than pompousness, arrogance, or boastfulness. It is only when the behavior is extreme that some, usually friends or family, will realize that behavior is inconsistent with the persons usual demeanor. The fact that the behavior occurs in episodes is the main clue that bipolar disorder is involved. Grandiose delusions are one of the most common types of delusions in BD. Examples of grandiosity include: Exaggerating your own achievementsCriticizing and dismissing others achievements or talentsConstantly boasting and talking about yourselfBelieving yourself to be infallible or invulnerableBelieving that you are more intelligent than othersThinking that common rules dont apply to youActing selfishlyTreating others with disdain or contemptNot caring if you hurt someone with your actionsBeing quick to anger if you are challengedBeing unable to see how your behavior affects othersBeing unable to see how unrealistic your beliefs and actions are How to Recognize a Manic or Hypomanic Episode Bipolar vs. Narcissistic Personality Disorder At times, it can be difficult to distinguish between grandiose thinking during a manic or hypomanic mood and grandiosity as a facet of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD).   Having NPD means that you consistently exhibit  traits of self-adoration in a way that interferes with your relationships and well-being. NPD is broadly characterized by self-centeredness, the inability to have  empathy  for others, and the manipulation of others to get what you want. One of the key ways to differentiate grandiosity in BD from grandiosity in NPD is the co-occurrence of mania symptoms.?? Bipolar mania is a set of mood symptoms characteristic of bipolar I disorder that appears in episodes and can include: Euphoric, elevated, expansive, or irritable moodsIncreased energy and a decreased need for sleepRacing thoughtsPressured speech (excessive or frenzied speaking)Tangential speech (constantly changing unrelated topics)Restlessness and increased goal-directed activityImpulsivity with poor judgment and reckless behaviors (including spending sprees, hypersexuality, and needless risk-taking) If grandiosity accompanies any of these abnormal behaviors, bipolar disorder should be explored as a possible cause. While grandiosity can accompany hypomania, a less severe form of mania, it is usually less problematic and easily missed in diagnosis. Another key differentiator is time. Personality disorders like NPD are pervasive patterns that define ones interactions with others. By contrast, bipolar mania or hypomania typically lasts for weeks to months and is not always present. Consequences and Treatment People experiencing grandiosity as a feature of BD may suffer consequences in their personal and professional lives. To those who dont understand the symptoms, grandiosity can make someone seem unforgivably conceited and rude. This can affect interpersonal relationships at home, with friends and family, or at work. Grandiose delusions can impair your judgment and compromise ability to keep or maintain employment. Grandiosity rarely occurs on its own in people with BD and may require medications, counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT),?? and social support to effectively resolve the symptoms. If suffering from  bipolar mania, your doctor may treat you with a mood stabilizer and sometimes an antipsychotic drug to quickly control hyperactivity, sleeplessness, hostility, and irritability. If the behaviors are extreme or potentially harmful, hospitalization may be needed to help bring your moods under control. There is no one drug or psychotherapeutic approach that treats grandiosity on its own. Instead, your doctor will aim to resolve the abnormally heightened mood state that defines bipolar mania. By doing, behavioral extremes, like grandiosity, will also be tempered. Treat Bipolar With the Best Online Therapy Programs

Theories Of Knowledge, Justified Belief And Truth - 897 Words

The concept of knowledge, justified belief and truth has been a primary focus of philosophers for a long time and I believe will continue to be. What I consider to be the biggest issue when it comes to Epistemology is how we justify our beliefs. How can we be sure that our justifications for our beliefs are sufficient? Also, how do we ensure that our sources of knowledge have sufficient justifications for their knowledge and beliefs? Distinguishing between reliable sources of information and unreliable sources of information is an issue that will never be solved. We have a duty to question the credibility of our sources of information in order to know if we can believe the information they share with us. If we do not question our beliefs and our sources of information then can we really know anything for sure? According to traditional epistemology, knowledge requires 3 conditions in order for it to be a â€Å"justified true belief†. The first of these conditions is tru th, in order to know something it must be true. This part seemed self-explanatory to me but I believe poses a bigger issue than we may think. How can we know whether everything we hear and read is true when we are going through our daily life? We can’t just ‘Google’ everything we hear and read because it would be time consuming and we also can’t trust the credibility of most online sources. When going through school I always trusted everything the teachers taught and never really questioned themShow MoreRelatedInternalism Theory of Knowledge1183 Words   |  5 PagesInternalism is one of the epistemic theories of knowledge and is explained as the effects that cause beliefs to be justified or unjustified. They are called J- factors and they must in some way, be internal to the subject. The best way to internalize J-Factors is to limit them to beliefs. The constraint internalists place on J-Factors is more plausibly constructed in terms of intellectual convenience. What meets the requirements as a J-factor must be something that is cognitively easily reached toRead MoreWhy Is Knowledge Important?1337 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction While knowledge acquisition is important in our life, it is more important to discuss the definition of knowledge. What is knowledge? Is there only one kind of knowledge or many different types? When can somebody be set to have knowledge? Can you now know that this printed page is in front of you or are you hallucinating? These questions need to be asked before looking at the Justified True Belief (JTB) theory. II. Types of Knowledge There are three different types of knowledge: know-howRead MoreThe Gettier Problem: A Marathon Essay1081 Words   |  5 Pagesepistemology – the theory of knowledge. For years, philosophers have analyzed and questions what knowledge is, its value, sources, structure, and whether we know anything at all. Epistemology questions what knowledge is and how we as humans can acquire it – which involves much debate. Though our understanding of knowledge is ambiguous, we do know that knowledge is justified, true belief. There have been attempts to answer the queries through the Justified-True-Belief Account of Knowledge (JTB), knownRead MoreEpistemology, By Robert Nozick918 Words   |  4 PagesEpistemology is the theory behind knowledge, based of methods, validity, and scope, which is justified by beliefs and opinions. Epistemology is the greek word for knowledge that means why we should hold beliefs. Knowledge is belief that is somewhat of a fact believed without a connection but it must be believable or it will not be considered knowledge. Many people believe that knowledge is based off of only beliefs, but it’s also based off of truth too. You have to combine truth and beliefs into two toRead MoreWhy Is Knowledge Considered A Belief?982 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the study of knowledge and how it can be acquired. In order to have â€Å"knowledge† you must understand how you to achieve that knowledge through truth, belief and justification. The next couple of questions that are asked are usually â€Å"what is knowledge?† and â€Å"why is knowledge considered a belief?† The study of knowledge (logos) or better known as Epistemology focuses on the investigation to differentiate between the justified beliefs from opinion. Knowledge is considered a belief because our experiencesRead MoreJustification And Theory Of Justification1503 Words   |  7 Pagescoherence theory of justification preferable to a foundationalist theory of justification? The purpose of this essay is to justify why coherence theory of justification is preferable to a foundationalist theory of justification, I will start by explaining what Coherence the theory of justification and foundationalist theory of justification is. Coherence theory of justification also known as coherentism, is a theory of epistemic justification, this theory implies that in order for a belief to beRead MoreUse The Justified True Belief ( Jtb ) Theory909 Words   |  4 PagesEpistemologists use the Justified True Belief (JTB) theory to define knowledge. As according to JTB theory, knowledge constitutes three attributes that include: truth, justification, and belief. According to the traditional analysis of knowledge, JTB is sufficient and necessary for knowledge. In the tripartite analysis of knowledge, the first condition is; S knows that P if and only if P is true. In the second condition, S must belief in p, and the last condition is that S must be justified by believing inRead MorePlato s Justified True Belief Theory1343 Words   |  6 PagesFor thousands of years the most prominent theory of knowledge was Plato’s Justified True Belief theory. He was convinced that in order to know something the following criterion must be met: a) one must believe said thing to be true b) said thing must actually be true, and c) one must be justified in believing said thing to be true. This theory made a lot of sense to most epistemologists, and was generally accepted as true for a very long time. It wasn’t until a man named Edmund Gettier wrote aRead MorePlato s Theory Of Knowledge830 Words   |  4 Pagesconventionally defined knowledge as a belief that is both true and justified. Plato first introduces this concept of knowledge in Thaeaetetus where he presents knowledge, to be justified true belief. This definition sufficed until, Edmund Gettier, an American philosopher, pointed out that the conditions could be fulfilled inadvertently, in ways that did not amount to what Plato intuitively regarded to as knowledge. The goal of the Gettier problem is to showcase that one can have a belief which is true andRead MorePlato s Theory Of Knowledge833 Words   |  4 Pagesconventionally defined knowledge as a belief that is both true and justified. Plato first introduces this concept of knowledge in Thaeaetetus where he presents knowledge, to be justified true belief. This definition sufficed until, Edmund Gettier, an American philosopher, pointed out that the conditions could be fulfilled inadvertently, in ways that did not amount to what Plato intuitively regarded to as knowledge. The goal of the Gettier problem is to showcase that one can have a belief which is true and

High Sensitive Soil Moisture Sensors And Automatic...

High Sensitive Soil-Moisture Sensors and Automatic Watering System for Irrigation Navin Kumar H A1, Nagendra G L1, bhaskar k2, Prakash Kodali1 1Instrumentation and applied physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 -India kprakash@iap.iisc.ernet.in 2DLRL LABS DRDO Hyderabad-India gmail@gmail.com Abstract—Soil-Moisture sensing and automated system is an automatically water releasing system in agriculture and green house area. Here in this paper, it proposes the new structures of sensors for high sensitivity and three types of moisture level indication systems which can be easily used in fields to save the power and crop. The performance comparison made for homemade sensors and readily available sensors, sensitivity improved to the homemade sensors. The high sensitivity and consistency achieved by tin coating to the sensor electrodes. The system monitors the land moisture every time and maintains the fixed water levels by turning on and off the water motor. According to the security aspects and repeatability it is good. Its implementation is easy and low cost for affording the system Index Terms—Sensors, signal conditioning system, sensitivity power management etc, I. INTRODUCTION A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic) instrument. We have so many types of sensors in that soil moisture sensor are the one which measures water content present inShow MoreRelatedSoil Moisture Sensor And Water Control2520 Words   |  11 PagesSoil Moisture Sensor and Water Control Manoj H G1, Nagendra G L1, bhaskar k2, Prakash Kodali1 1Instrumentation and applied physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 -India kprakash@iap.iisc.ernet.in 2DLRL LABS DRDO Hyderabad-India gmail@gmail.com Abstract—Soil Moisture Sensor Application and Water Control is an automatically water releasing system whenever there is a deficiency of water in agriculture and green house area. Here in this paper, it proposes the new structures of sensorsRead MoreSustainable Building Material...24522 Words   |  99 Pageseconomy, and create a healthy community. Sitework Grading Paving Resource Efficient Landscapes 8 9 Structural Elements Earthen Building Materials Straw Bale Construction Concrete Concrete Formwork Pervious Concrete Insulated Structural Systems Insulating Concrete Forms (ICFs) Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) Advanced Framing Techniques Lumber Engineered Wood FSC Certified Wood 10 11 12 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 17 Exterior Elements Decks Fencing Recycled Plastic Lumber Roofing MetalRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCosts 6.4 Activity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (.2.3.4.5) 5.1.2.4 Delphi method Chapter 6 10.5.3 Cost/schedule system (.1) 6.6 .2.1 Time performance 7.2.3.1 Cost baseline development 7.3.2.1 Earned value system (F.4) 7.3.2.4 E.V., performance status report 7.3.2.2 E.V., forecasts 7.3.2.3 EV., to complete index (EAC) 7.3.2.5 Schedule and cost variance Developing a Project Plan 4.2.2 Planning tools 6.2 Sequence

Marriage Analysis Free Essays

Marriage is one of the major rights of passage in life. It is a change of status that involves all the emotional baggage that comes with such changes. Marriage is one of the few rights of passage that I, myself have chosen to undertake. We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Once my fianc? and I made the desciscion to get married, the next step was to plan the wedding. The first thing I had to do was to set a date. Choosing a date was not a simple task, considering I had to keep in mind of family commitments, other events, the length that some guests had to travel, and weather conditions. I knew that I wanted to be a summer bride, so I decided the best time would be around labor day. It would be the end of the summer, and a new beginning for me. Next, I went to the library and checked out all the books that I could find on weddings. I read each one carefully and took notes. Also I asked family members and friends about their own weddings. I asked questions about everything from weddings dresses to flower arrangements. The Internet was also is very informative. I logged onto the Internet and read many interesting stories about other people and their weddings. The third problem that I had to face was, â€Å"What kind of wedding do I want? † I had to choose from an ultra-formal, formal, semiformal, or informal. Determining how formal the wedding is to be will is to be would help establish the overall wedding strategy. The level of formality determines, to a great extent, the overall cost of the wedding. I chose the formal layout, which is the most typical wedding format†¦ Then there is finding a ceremony site. Since most of our friends are in North Carolina, we decided to have it here and not in Texas where my fianc? s raised. I decided to have the ceremonies held in the church that I grew up in. Choosing a ceremony site was not that hard, since I also decided that the reception also would be held at the church. The next thing was choosing the participants. I chose my sisters and friends for brides maids. My niece and little cousin would be the flower girls. Next, I went and asked each one to participate in the wedding, at which time they very gladly accepted. Choosing a wedding gown would be the hardest task. I saw so many gowns the were so beautiful. First, I decided how much I wanted to spend on the gown. Then, I had to chose the color that would be the best for me. So after going to one-hundred different shops, and several wedding shows, I picked the gown that most made me feel like Cinderella. Next, came the hiring of the musician, the catering, photographer, and florist. I was fortunate enough to find the One Stop Shop. They were highly recommended. At the One Stop Shop, they do it all. With the combination of services that they provided, I was exhilarated to learn that they had reasonable pricing. Sending out the invitations is the second-to-last event that needed to be planned. The Invitations are to be mailed approximately four to six weeks prior to the wedding. The envelopes are to be hand addressed in ink matching the printed ink on the invitation itself. Finally, the planning of the honeymoon. The key is to plan ahead and make every minute count. I decided on a week in Hawaii would be the means to get much needed rest. After planning a wedding, the only thing I can say is, â€Å"Thank God! I only have to go through this once! † How to cite Marriage Analysis, Essay examples

Product and Innovation Management of Nokia

Introduction As competition in the markets intensifies and the consumers become increasingly sophisticated and selective in their consumption behaviors, companies have no option than to improve their innovation strategies and management techniques (Duncombe 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Product and Innovation Management of Nokia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Companies are nowadays seeking new ways to enhance the characteristics of their products to make them more appealing to the consumers. The Wall Street Journal reveals that mobile phone companies are some of the major industries that have witnessed remarkable growth in innovation (Gecevska, Chiabert, and Lombardi Cus 2010). As a multinational communications company, Nokia has improved its product innovation and is continually producing products that attract the consumers in the telecommunication industry. With its focus nowadays turned to the manu facturing of smartphones, Nokia has set its aims at ensuring that the company uses modern technologies (Kirshin 2014). This paper examines the market performance of the Nokia Lumia smartphones and explains the reasons for their outstanding performance. Overview of Nokia Lumia Smartphones One of the technological wonders that surprised the consumers of the 21st century was the integration of hi-tech operating systems into the mobile phones (Cagan Vogel 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After being superior in the business of computer technology for quite sometime, Microsoft Corporation collaborated with Nokia Corporation and entered the smartphone market (Anwar 2014). Nokia Corporation managed to introduce a new form of mobile technology that uses Windows 8.1 operating system rather than Android. Smartphones, being the trend and the most popular among communication tech nologies, have spurred a new wave of anxiety among the majority of the youngsters, which means investing in them is a worthy idea nowadays. Since 2013, Nokia Corporation has been radical in its innovation that has resulted in the development of the Nokia Lumia 435, Nokia Lumia 730, Nokia Lumia 535, Nokia Lumia 620, Nokia Lumia 830, Nokia Lumia 520, and now the Nokia Lumia 920. Smartphones are small laptops that people have found reliable and convenient in their communication, use, and maintenance (Grieves 2009). What makes the Lumia smartphones amazing is that they offer a new platform that includes the use of the innovated Windows operating system. Nokia and Microsoft experts have integrated mobile firmware that allows handset users to install and uninstall Windows mobile apps, access the Internet with ease, and surf there with the fastest speed (Kirshin 2014). The Nokia Lumia smartphones come in varieties of different colors, and consumers can choose the color they prefer, within the available range of colors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Product and Innovation Management of Nokia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The powerful high definition front and back cameras allow the smartphone users to take photos of their colleagues, or take personal photos, which they can use for their social media activities (Hussein 2012). Global technological reports claim that Nokia Lumia smartphones are increasingly becoming popular and steadily dominate the Asian, African, and American markets. The Theory of Diffusion of Innovation Innovation is a realistic subject that began reshaping in its practice and literature back in the 1960s, when industrialization became a significant growth aspect for the modern towns (Bernard Tichkiewitch 2008). Towards the end of the 1960s, E.M. Rogers came up with an innovation theory known as the diffusion of innovation model. Born by a father who loved electromechanica l innovations, E.M Rogers got interested in understanding the process of the diffusion of innovation (Chigona Licker 2008). In 1962, Rogers published the theory of Diffusion of Innovation that had changed the modern perceptions about innovations. In his view, Rogers claims that there are five main categories of innovation adopters, as the process is pragmatic and with various sections of transformation (Webb 2000). Rogers presumes that in an innovation process, there are five major categories of adopters, which include innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and the laggards. The five main categories of adopters have unique definitions that are relative to their innovation roles. According to Rogers, innovators are the kind of people who initiate the innovation idea and invest in it regardless of its risky factors and other preliminary problems.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The early adopters are a group of people that represent the opinion leaders (Molla Licker 2005). These kinds of adopters often enjoy associating with leadership roles and embracing change opportunities. The third group of the adopters is the group of early majority, which is the group of people that needs to see substantial evidence that the innovation is really working for them to venture into the business of adopting or working with it (Chigona Licker 2008). The fourth group of people is the late majority, who are the kind of persons, skeptical about an innovative change and trying the innovation only when the majority population have tested it (Stark 2004). The last group of the adopters is the laggards group of individuals who are naturally conservative people. Unless highly persuaded, laggards can hardly adopt an innovation. With regard to such theoretical assumptions, most of the users of Windows handsets across the world have had their own opinions concerning the three mobi le phone operating systems (Rigby 2014). When Microsoft and Nokia merged efforts to produce the Nokia Lumia handsets, the first impression was that Microsoft was trying to regain its lost market dominance in the telecommunication industry (Rigby 2014). Nevertheless, the company has been very resilient about the criticisms that the two companies have failed to produce innovative smartphone designs that will influence the international mobile consumption trends. When they first announced their debut in 2011, after successful market trials, consumers had already familiarized with Android phones as well as iPhones (Rigby 2014). Creating a plan to enter the competitive market was a challenge for the investors of the Nokia Lumia smartphones. The initial process of venturing into these Windows mobile phones was tiring and challenging for these creative investors. While figuring out the billions of money that the companies were to invest and the amount that was to come as returns, the inves tors understood that there would be early adopters, the early majority consumers, the late majority consumers, and the laggards (Rigby 2014). To beat the market odds and maneuver with a new brand of smartphones, the Nokia Corporation and the Microsoft Corporation designed a strategic production and marketing strategy that has supported their continual survival in the handset business. The companies understood the need to incorporate the 4Ps marketing mix strategy to increase their market share and product revenues in the presence of the established Android smartphones and Apple iPhones. To provide an all-round strategic move, the Nokia Corporation and the Microsoft Company focused on the 4Ps (Von 2003). The 4Ps that formed the aims of production were the Product (Nokia Lumia smartphone), the Price (low pricing), the Promotion (strategic marketing), and the Place of distribution. With the 4Ps as their marketing strategy, high technological innovation and unique and user-friendly smar tphone design are some of the product development initiatives that Nokia Lumia began adopting. The pricing strategy of Nokia Lumia delved on the low pricing technique to win the business partners and new groups of consumers (Anwar 2014). Low pricing meant that the investors would sell more and earn low but regular profits. As their places of distribution, the Nokia Lumia marketers began targeting the most populated nations, such as China, Russia, and most of the Sub-Saharan Africa regions. These regions form the group of developing nations. These developing nations have a lot of late majority and the laggards groups of consumers and investors (Cooper Edgett 2009). These groups of people may have been skeptical about Androids and iPhones because Androids were relatively new and iPhones were extremely expensive. Such strategies have made Nokia Lumia suceed. The Current Market Performance of the Nokia Lumia Smartphones Nokia Corporation has generally been successful in the handset bus iness. In 2006, Nokia generated an income that for the first time in Finland’s history, seemed to be excess. Based on the assessment report of the Wall Street Journal, which is the leading business and innovation magazine, Nokia Lumia has been performing incredibly well as the demand for smartphones increases. In this $7.2 billion deal, Microsoft and Nokia Corporations have been ripping some extensive profits from the manufacturing and distribution of the Lumia windows smartphones (Fakhrutdinova, Fakhrutdinova, Kolesnikova, Yurieva 2015). The Nokia Lumia smartphones targeted the American smartphone markets, the Asian smartphone markets, and the African smartphone markets, which had been growing rapidly over the past five years (Fakhrutdinova et al. 2015). In a 2013 report about business innovation, it has appeared that Nokia possesses approximately 40% market dominance, with the Lumia smartphones contributing to about 16% in the increase of its market share. Perhaps, what re mains unknown to most of the consumers is that the Nokia Lumia phones have been increasing their market reputation in a steady process. The estimated profit returns are slowly regaining momentum and the process of dominating the major markets is on a gradual development (Fakhrutdinova et al 2015). Just before the end of two years after its launch, Microsoft’s quarterly financial report revealed that the Nokia Lumia smartphones had generated about $23.20 billion worth of profit. In the subsequent year on 23 August 2014, Microsoft announced a growth of its profit margin to approximately 26.5 billion, which was a 10% increase in the net profits (Fakhrutdinova et al 2015). In a separate financial report that Nokia released independently on 24 Oct 2014, Nokia Lumia smartphones had a sales record of $9.3 billion, even though the overall sales for Nokia phones had decreased by 14%. These statistics indicate an incredible performance of the Nokia Lumia smartphones. The above statisti cal facts stress the essence of the Nokia-Microsoft partnership in the smartphone business. It is important to consider that although majority of the ordinary consumers may not have the overall knowledge on how the Nokia Lumia smartphones have spurred a unique competition in the world of smartphones; the performance of the smartphone is incredible (Rigby 2014). The Nokia Lumia smartphones have blended well with the creatively designed windows-operating systems. The major sectors that may have caused an incredible market performance that has come within the shortest period of the investment are the management sectors, the production sectors, and the marketing departments (Fakhrutdinova et al 2015). The three sectors were important in the product development and distribution because there was innovation in the management, innovation in the production, and innovation in the marketing departments. The ability of Nokia and Microsoft to provide an enabling environment for the existence of the partnership was a noteworthy idea. Reasons for high Performance of Nokia Lumia Smartphones The success or failure of a certain tech product relies on several aspects of production, management, and marketing (Eisenhardt Martin 2000). With the changing market demands, the complex consumer behaviors, and the increasing market competition, the performance of technological products has to rely on the stability of the management, the suaveness of the marketers, and the design of the products (Garcia Calantone 2002). Core innovation strengths, strategic management techniques, and efficient marketing skills are some of the major performance determinants that determine the performance of tech products (De Wit Meyer 2010). Since its debut into the smartphone business in 2011, Nokia Corporation has developed several strategic moves to enable the telephone products to maneuver in the smartphone market. To make a sensational market dominance, the Nokia Corporation has enabled a smart str ategy that entails the strategic use of mobile designing technologies, the strategic planning of the management systems, and the strategic development of the marketing techniques that match the market demands. Innovation in the Product Designing An important factor that makes a mobile phone worthy and appealing to the modern consumers, who are nowadays very knowledgeable, is the techniques used in designing the phones (Eisenhardt Martin 2000). The innovation that Nokia Corporation has used in manufacturing of the Nokia Lumia smartphones is exceptional and outstanding. Nokia Lumia smartphones use the famous windows operating systems, although mostly the windows 8 operating system that has numerous tech features that are appealing to the phone users (Fakhrutdinova et al 2015). Although windows 8 operating system initially recorded a diminutive market performance in the computer technology, the operating system has boosted the selling of the Nokia Lumia smartphones. Nokia Lumia phones are 3G and 4G compatible, have powerful photo-sharing capabilities, and have features that enhance social media communication (Carlson, Walden Bowman 2006). Nokia Corporation collaborated with Google and Skype to allow consumers to enhance their access to social media communication in the Lumia smartphones. Nokia also collaborated with Yahoo Corporation to allow photo sharing through their Flicker service. Innovation in the Marketing Strategies The marketing technique of companies is one of the foremost determinants of the market performance for any new product that is seeking a quick market penetration (Roman 2003). Since the Nokia Corporation ventured into the smartphone business, the company designed radical marketing strategies that supported a market growth for the Nokia Lumia smartphones. Nokia Corporation designed a strategic market penetration approach that dwelled on the modern advertising platforms to maneuver (Grieves 2009). As Anwar (2014) claims, the company used the advantage of the growing influence of the digital televisions, the social media platforms, and the unique printed media. Concerning the strategic use of social media, Nokia Corporation implemented attractive mobile photos, effective product description techniques, and an easy communication to attract consumers in Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace (Anwar 2014). The Microsoft-Nokia alliance opened an online marketing website, attractive facebook pages, and several tweeting platforms that constantly updated the users about the new Lumia arrivals. Digital televisions also played a vital role in advertising Lumia Smartphones. Innovation in the Pricing of the Phones One of the elements that can make a product in the telecommunication industry to permeate into the market and gain an incredible performance is the idea of strategic pricing (Bailur 2006). While launching the Microsoft-Nokia partnership of manufacturing and distributing the Nokia Lumia smartphones, Nokia Corporation knew the esse nce of using a strategic pricing plan that would enable an easy market penetration. When Nokia merged with Microsoft to develop the Lumia smartphones, the companies agreed on the high-production, low-pricing strategy as their market entry strategy (Anwar 2014). To compete effectively with the Iphone and the android smartphones, Nokia Corporation endorsed a marketing strategy that concentrated with the low-pricing approach. Even for the first-time buyers who admired the smartphones, Nokia sold its Nokia Lumia phones at as low as $200 (Rigby 2014). The focus of Nokia Corporation concerning the pricing of the Nokia Lumia smartphones has been persistent with the issues of regional assessment of the markets and production of affordable smartphones. Proper Financing of the Product Financial stability of a company in the marketing and promotion of a recently launched product is a crucial success factor that determines the performance of a product (Gorski 2003). When Nokia ventured into the business of manufacturing and distributing smartphones, the partnership deal with Microsoft considered the essence of financial stability in the production process. Since the year 2013, Microsoft has been offering Nokia with financial backing to support the mass production of cheap smartphones (Hussein 2012). Such an innovative financial strategy assisted the Nokia Corporation to regain market momentum within the large markets like China, Russia, and America. Recently, Microsoft Company has produced an extra of 2.3 billion to support Nokia Corporation to develop low-end Nokia Lumia smartphones (Anwar 2014). Despite Iphones and Androids having significant market dominance, adequate financing of the Nokia Lumia project has made the Nokia Corporation to expand their market share in Africa, Asia, and parts of America. Innovation in the Service Sector Nokia, being a leading brand in the telecommunication industry, understood the need to improve the customer service while marketing its N okia Lumia smartphones across the nations. According to Fakhrutdinova et al. (2015), the first service innovation that Nokia thought was essential, was the incorporation of the physical customer care services where consumers could send complaints about the phones, receive an instant assistance on technical problems, and fix the problems associated with the windows mobile-phone operating systems. In each of the countries that Nokia invested in the marketing of its smartphone products, there were strategic physical offices that consumers could send inquiries concerning the operations of the phones and the challenges that pertained to the performance of the Lumia smartphones (Fakhrutdinova et al. 2015). Although the Nokia Lumia smartphones needed the physical offices from the Nokia Corporation to enhance their customer care, the phones already had user-friendly interfaces that supported easy phone operations. Such strategic moves made Nokia to perform incredibly fair in the competitive smartphone market. Innovation in the Management Sector One of the important factors that support radical innovation is an efficient strategic management (Aspara, Lamberg, Laukia, Tikkanen 2011). The theory of Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) states that when innovation is in progress, there is a group of people known as the innovators (Hofstede 2003). In Nokia Corporation and Microsoft Corporation, leaders were the innovators who were venturesome, opinionated, skilful and with creative ideas (Fakhrutdinova et al. 2015). Most of the leaders from the Microsoft team and from the Nokia Corporation were sure about their dedication and risk taking approaches towards the improvement of the Nokia Lumia ideas. The two companies found the best innovators who could strategically incorporate the features of windows 8 in the mobile phones (Sell, Mezei Walden 2014). The leaders also knew the importance of collaborating with giant Internet companies, such as Google and Yahoo, to incorporate their best features in the mobile phones. The leaders motivated aggressive research and development strategies that supported in the marketing of the phones. Conclusion The assumptions of Rogers concerning the Diffusion of Innovation are paramount in understanding the concepts of product development and management. The five forms of innovation adopters help companies design strategic marketing plans. Product innovation and management are two aspects of the commercial world that continue to pose concerns for the surviving businesses. The mobile phone industry is one of the principle sectors where innovation seems to influence product marketing, distribution, and performance. With a special attention given to the phones that come with computerized operating systems, innovation seems to affect the presence and performance of the modern smartphones. Nokia Lumia smartphones emerged through a partnership deal between Microsoft and Nokia Corporations. Despite the dominance of the Android smartph ones and the Apple smartphones, the windows-based Nokia Lumia smartphones are increasingly gaining prominence. This occurs because the two partners focused on understanding the 4Ps of marketing. Innovations in the product marketing, product pricing, and product management have been fantastic. References Anwar, M 2014, ‘Voice of Editors: Rationale to the Crisis of Nokia Smartphone Portfolio’, International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 122-124. Aspara, J, Lamberg, J, Laukia, A and Tikkanen, H 2011, ‘Strategic Management of business model transformation lessons from Nokia’, Management Decision, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 622-647. 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